Paperback
September 1994
9789241571616
More details
  • Publisher
    World Health Organization
  • Published
    1st September 1994
  • ISBN 9789241571616
  • Language English
  • Pages 151 pp.
  • Size 5.125" x 7.5"
$36.00

Evaluates risks to human health and the environment posed by exposure to phenol a constituent of coal tar formed during the natural decomposition of organic materials. Phenol is the basic feedstock from which a number of commercially important materials are made including resins bisphenol A caprolactam alkyl phenols and chlorophenols. The most important environmental emissions result from the use of phenolic resins. The presence of phenol in liquid manure and its formation following the atmospheric degradation of benzene may contribute significantly to atmospheric levels. The most extensive section summarizes toxicity data from studies in laboratory animals and in vitro test systems including special studies of neurotoxicity myelotoxicity immunotoxicology and biochemical effects. Neurotoxicity liver and kidney damage respiratory effects and growth retardation were identified as the main effects of short-term exposure. An evaluation of effects on human health draws upon case reports following accidental or intentional ingestion outbreaks of poisoning following the accidental contamination of drinking-water and studies in occupationally exposed workers. While available data do not suggest a strong potential for cumulative health effects following chronic exposure the report concludes that accidental high exposure can cause a number of local and systemic effects. Evidence of genotoxicity and inadequate studies of carcinogenic potential remain areas of concern. Concerning risks to the environment the report cites evidence of toxicity to freshwater and marine organisms. While phenol is judged unlikely to persist or bioaccumulate in the environment the report warns that aquatic organisms may be at risk in any surface or sea water contaminated with this compound.

World Health Organization

World Health Organization is a Specialized Agency of the United Nations, charged to act as the world's directing and coordinating authority on questions of human health. It is responsible for providing leadership on global health matters, shaping the health research agenda, setting norms and standards, articulating evidence-based policy options, providing technical support to countries, and monitoring and assessing health trends.